Carnival of Arequipa

The carnival of Arequipa has undergone changes over the years without losing the essence that makes it unique. Traditionally celebrated for three days before Ash Wednesday, this festive event has evolved, adapting to modern times but persists as a living connection to the rich history and traditions of the region. Although some practices have been modified over time, the cultural roots of the celebration have endured, weaving a palpable connection between the past and the present.

This carnival is more than a simple celebration; it is a living narrative that reflects the identity of Arequipa. From family caravans to symbolic rituals like the burial of Ño Carnavalón, each element contributes to the preservation of the region's cultural richness. The continuity of these traditions not only adds a distinctive touch to Arequipa's carnivals but also serves as a testament to the community's ability to adapt and evolve without losing the essence of its cultural roots.

About its history

For over 50 years, the carnivals in Arequipa have been unique experiences that extend beyond the official dates. The "Sunday of Carnival" marked the beginning, but the festivities were experienced weeks before with family caravans full of streamers, confetti, and colorful powders adorning the streets. Water games, baths, paintings, and family gatherings culminated in a festive lunch followed by dances until late into the night.

The years between 1920 and 1950 witnessed the peak of Arequipa's carnivals, starting their celebration a week earlier with the entry of "Ño Carnavalón." This character, accompanied by crowds dancing and singing verses, symbolized the joy that characterized the festival. The Grand Carnival Parade and costume balls were highlighted events, even attracting the city's main authorities.

Comadres and compadres

Before diving into the excitement of Carnival Sunday, Arequipa paid homage to the importance of social bonds with the celebration of Comadres and Compadres on Thursday. This practice highlighted the unity and camaraderie among the city's inhabitants. During this special day, women gathered in festive meetings where they shared moments of joy, delight, and dances that sealed the strength of their bonds. The culmination of this celebration manifested in a lively nighttime closure, where men and women danced, laughed, and expressed festive expressions resonating throughout the city, leaving a mark of joy and social connection.

This Thursday of Comadres and Compadres was not only a festive prelude to Carnival but also a unique opportunity for the community to strengthen its social bonds in an authentic and tradition-rooted manner. Dance and sharing enriched this celebration, creating a festive atmosphere where the importance of emotional connections became the essence of the experience, a tangible reminder of the vitality of community life in Arequipa.

Traditional Carnival celebration in Cayma, Arequipa. Credit: Shutterstock.

La Yunza

The mysterious yet rooted tradition of Yunza involves decorating a tree with fruits, blankets, and useful objects, which is knocked down while attendees dance around it. This peculiar celebration, which has endured over time, aims to display abundance and strengthen family ties in a symbolic gesture that transcends generations. Although the exact history of Yunza remains shrouded in mystery, its preservation in the Arequipa region serves as a testimony to the community's emphasis on connecting with its roots and the shared desire for prosperity and unity.

The preservation of Yunza in Arequipa highlights the ability of traditions to withstand the passage of time, acting as a tangible reminder of the importance of keeping alive the customs that define the cultural and social identity of a community.